Thursday, November 28, 2019

Pressure Essays - State Functions, Thermodynamic Properties

Pressure Aim: To find out the effect of temperature on the pressure of air. Apparatus: 400ml beaker Bunsen burner Data Logger Pressure sensor Temperature probe Round bottom flask Connecting leads Tripod Gauze Plastic tubing Clamp stand Heatproof mat Water Diagram: Method: 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram. 1. Next, take the readings of the pressure and temperature at intervals of 5C, ending the experiment at 90C. 3. Repeat the experiment three times for a good average. 4. Record all results in the data logger and transfer them to a computer. Safety: Wear goggles Tie hair back Tie all loose clothing Handle all glass with care Avoid putting wires near the flames Do not spill water; this will make the surface slippery Fair Test: Use the same equipment for each trial Have the same time interval in each trial Make sure the same amount of water is used in each trial Make sure the flask is put into the beaker at the same depth Use the same size beaker in each trial Try to keep the flame the same in each trial Prediction: Particles of air are constantly moving around at different speeds. If the air is trapped inside a container, (e.g. a flask like the one used in this experiment) then the particles will hit the inside walls of the container with enough force to create pressure. Sometimes the particles move around fast. This means they have more kinetic energy. They may have more kinetic energy, because the air may be being heated or perhaps the air is more concentrated. However, if the air particles have more kinetic energy, they will hit the container walls with a larger, stronger force. This then creates more pressure, which is detected by the pressure sensor. (Physics, Tom Duncan, Pages 158-159) When the air contained in the flask, is heated, the temperature rises and the molecules gain more kinetic energy. This means the particles move around faster, causing the average pressure to increase. (GCSE Physics, Foulds, Page 158) In this experiment, we kept the volume of air constant, while the temperature is changed. The three pressure laws, one of which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Can be written as P T Where P is Pressure in KPascals and T is Temperature in Kelvins. This must mean that if the temperature is doubled, the pressure will also double. If the temperature is halved, the pressure will also be halved. The reason why this happens is because at a higher temperature the gas particles have more kinetic energy and hit the container walls harder which results in more pressure. Example: If the temperature is 25C (298K) and the pressure is 1.0 KPa, then doubling the temperature to 50C (323K) should double the pressure to 2.0 KPa. If the temperature is 25C (298K) and the pressure is 1.0 KPa, then trebling the temperature to 75C (348K) should treble the pressure to 3.0 KPa. If this knowledge is put into a graph, where the average pressure in KPascals is plotted against the Temperature in Kelvins, I should get a graph which looks like this: - The graph shows the directly proportional relationship between pressure (KPa) and temperature (Kelvins). With my results from the experiment, I will draw and plot an accurate graph like the one above. Results: Tempe-rature (C) Pressure (KPa) Average Temperatur-e in Kelvins Average pressure in KPa (2d.p) Trial One Trial Two Trial Three 25 0.4 0.7 2.0 298 0.4+0.7+2.0 3 30 1.9 2.2 5.4 303 3.2 35 4.1 4.0 8.1 308 5.4 40 5.8 5.7 11.2 313 7.6 45 7.4 7.2 15.0 318 9.9 50 9.6 8.8 18.7 323 12.4 55 10.5 10.3 22.7 328 14.5 60 12.4 11.8 27.3 333 17.2 65 13.7 13.2 31.2 338 19.4 70 15.1 14.5 33.6 343 21.1 75 16.6 15.8 35.7 348 22.7 80 17.9 17.0 38.7 353 24.5 85 19.3 17.8 43.6 358 26.9 90 20.5 18.6 46.1 363 28.4 Analysis (continued): From my results and graph, I have found out that as the temperature increases, the pressure also increases. (School Notes, Plashet School) To prove this using my graph, I will quote five values for temperature and pressure, from my graph. Temperature (Kelvins) Pressure (KPascals) 303 3.2 328 14.5 348 22.7 363 28.4 This table clearly shows that as the temperature increases, the pressure increases too. Increasing the temperature by ten Kelvins, i.e. from 303K to 313K, the new pressure is increased by a factor

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The History of the Game of Bingo

The History of the Game of Bingo Bingo is a popular game that can be played for cash and prizes.  Bingo games are won when the player matches numbers on their card with ones randomly drawn by a caller. The first person to complete a pattern yells, Bingo. Their numbers are checked and a prize or cash awarded. The patterns can be varied throughout a gaming session, which keeps players interested and engaged. Bingos Ancestors The games history can be traced back to 1530, to an Italian lottery called Lo Giuoco del Lotto DItalia, which is still played every Saturday in Italy. From Italy, the game was introduced to France in the late 1770s, where it was called Le Lotto, a game played among wealthy Frenchmen. The Germans also played a version of the game in the 1800s, but they used it as a childs game to help students learn math, spelling, and history.​ In the U.S., bingo was originally called beano. It was a country fair game where a dealer would select numbered discs from a cigar box and players would mark their cards with beans. They yelled beano if they won. Edwin S. Lowe and the Bingo Card When the game reached North America in 1929, it became known as beano. It was first played at a carnival near Atlanta, Georgia. New York toy salesman Edwin S. Lowe renamed it bingo after he overheard someone accidentally yell bingo instead of beano. He hired a Columbia University math professor, Carl Leffler, to help him increase the number of combinations in bingo cards. By 1930, Leffler had invented 6,000 different bingo cards. They were developed so there would be fewer non-repeating number groups and conflicts when more than one person got Bingo at the same time. Lowe was a Jewish immigrant from Poland. Not only did his E.S. Lowe company produce bingo cards, but he also developed and marketed the game Yahtzee, for which he bought the rights from a couple who played it on their yacht. His company was sold to Milton Bradley in 1973 for $26 million. Lowe died in 1986. Church Bingo A Catholic priest from Pennsylvania approached Lowe about using bingo as a means of raising church funds. When bingo started being played in churches it became increasingly popular. By 1934, an estimated 10,000 bingo games were played weekly. While gambling is banned in many states, they may allow bingo games to be hosted by churches and non-profit groups to raise funds. Casino Bingo Bingo has been one of the games offered at many casinos, both in Nevada and those operated by Native American tribes. E.S. Lowe built a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip, the Tallyho Inn. Today, more than $90 million dollars are spent on bingo each week in North America alone. Bingo in Retirement and Nursing Homes Bingo is a popular game played for recreational therapy and socialization in skilled nursing facilities and retirement homes. It is easy to operate with just a couple of staff or volunteers, and residents can play along with their visitors. The opportunity to win a small prize is a lure. Its popularity may wane once the elderly population who enjoyed church bingo in their youth pass on to new generations raised on video games.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Better Use Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques for Auditing Thesis

Better Use Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques for Auditing - Thesis Example Over the recent years many audit firms have shifted towards using this technique, as this technique has helped in analyzing audit data more quickly and rapidly. The other discussion point in this report is the flexibility of CAAT with auditing and other standards such as SOX. The other issue in this report is the concern of using this technique after having proper analysis of the business being audited. Finally, the report is concluded by pointing out that its benefits clearly outweigh its risk. The purpose of this project is to discuss the main features of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) and how the use of such technique can assist in better auditing procedures being followed up by auditors. With such better procedures being followed by auditors, the conclusion that they draw would be considered stronger as CAATs help in huge data to be analyzed. To give the reasoning as to why CAATs are better than traditional audit techniques, it is compared with those techniques. Practical examples and case studies are given to further elaborate the upper hand that CAATs have over other techniques and how they assist auditors in drawing better conclusions. Finally its advantages and disadvantages are looked upon which suggest that the advantages prevail over its disadvantages. (Warren, 2007) An auditing process is automated by the use of techniques such as CAAT. The adoption of this technique has led many audit firms to change their way of auditing any particular company i.e. rather than using the traditional audit techniques, CAAT is hugely used and encouraged by audit firms. The basic aim of this technique is to assist the auditor in reducing his manual work; major data can be processed with ease hence leading to a better opinion being made by the auditor. Auditors using manual audit technique have to manually select sample data upon which to base their conclusion, while selecting this sample data

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marks and speners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marks and speners - Essay Example Michael’ brand. The company primarily focused on quality and had lucrative refund policy. It opted for international expansion in the seventh decade of the 20th century. Today, the company has almost 900 stores in more than 40 countries across the globe and is listed in the London Stock Exchange as it forms the integral part of the FTSE 100 (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). The Marks and Spencer initiated five year long planning in the January of 2007 to address the environmental and social issues. The company named it ‘Plan A’. It was so because the company wanted to make it stake holders believe that there is no such second plan. The plan primarily focuses upon five themes namely waste management, fair partnership, health of the employees, change in climate and sustainable raw materials (BBC, 2007). The primary ‘Plan A’ that was drawn in the year of 2007 aimed to make the company carbon neutral by the year of 2012. Also, Plan A said that the retail chain would not send any waste for filling the land and would use sustainable sourcing by the end of 2012. The second phase of Plan A was drawn in the year of 2010. The second phase predominantly aimed to make Marks and Spencer; the most sustainable retail chain by the end of 2015. Also, it expects that the company would have 3 million customers who could be getting involved within the periphery of Plan A by 2020 (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). The core business of the Marks and Spencer has been that of womenswear, menswear, lingerie, food and home. The total revenue of Marks and Spencer for the financial year of 2008 – 2009 and 2007 – 2008 has been almost same, the first one exceeding the later by  £ 40 million. But the profitability of the company has taken a major hit in the year of 2008- 2009. According to the latest annual report of Marks and Spencer, it can be observed that the profit in the financial year of 2008 – 2009 has been  £ 506.8 million while the same was  £ 821

Monday, November 18, 2019

The current U.S. economic crisis and potential fixes Essay

The current U.S. economic crisis and potential fixes - Essay Example Citigroup, UBS, and JPMorgan have all announced negative earnings in their last financial reports as well as plans to lay off a significant number of workers. This paper carries out an analysis of how and why the crisis occurs and it evaluates the effectiveness of current measures used by the government to solve this crisis. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 looks at how the crisis occurred, section three looks at the causes of the crisis that is why the crisis occurred; Section 3 looks at the regulatory environment and current solutions; and the last section provides some conclusions and recommendations. Sub-prime loans are loans offered to borrowers with no prior track record of good credit history3. Due to the risk inherent in the loans, they are often issued at very high interest rates so as to compensate for the extra risk that they carry4. A sub-prime crises or credit crunch is said to exist when a significant number of sub-prime loans have been issued to unscrupulous borrowers5. These crises pose difficulties to both financial institutions and the borrowers. The outbreak of the recent sub-prime crises came after warning signals of write-downs in the value of mortgages late last year6. House prices in the U.S witnessed an unusual growth between 1997 and 2005. For example, prices increased by approximately 85% during this period. The period 2001 and 2005 witnessed the highest rates of appreciation7. Sub-prime delinquencies and foreclosures were therefore mitigated by house price appreciations during these years. This is so because borrowers facing difficulties to make regular mo rtgage payments could depend on the appreciation of the value of their property to solve their financial problems by refinancing the mortgage and withdrawing cash from the increased equity in the house thereby sustaining the new mortgage for a while. Borrowers could repay the principal by selling off the property8. Appreciation in property prices

Friday, November 15, 2019

Effect of the Marketing Environment on Company Strategy

Effect of the Marketing Environment on Company Strategy I . INTRO Economics today has a term of market environment which involves points and impacts permitting a business to create sucessful relationship with customers as well as to keep it lasting longer. The market enviroment can be categorized into two levels: micro and macro. The first one refers to small impacts in the business with the affection of serving the company customers, whereas the second one has larger societial impacts on the mirco environment. As a result, both of them differ from many points. The organizations, suppliers, customers market,and the intermediaries and competitors are concerned in the micro environment. On the contrary, the Macro environment involves such factors as Demographic, natural, technological, cultural, political, and economics effects. However, these can be altered by the variety of many kinds of companies. All companies are affected by macro environmental factors which form chances and threats in the business environment. Such elements often leaving a mark on long – term strategic management, or even the goals of a firm as prior research and innovation, political stability changes or cultural framework are difinited as macro factors. An environmental analysis are used for look for the existing macro impacts and potential chances carefully by most strategic management modals. Moreover, a situation analysis assess the impacts related to internal factors, for the purpose of forming an separate firm’s restrictions and competitiveness. In contrast, Micro economics has the environmental factors which is less popular than the Maro, only resulting in a particular sector of companies or industry. They can be listed as competition, suppliers, customer, and labour and competition. To understand the micro environment, the firms apply the â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces† sample as an industrial analysis. This makes management strategy more powerful to against alters in micro factors because those can have a strong impact on the entire industry. 2. External Environment analysis 2.1. Macro Environment 2.1.1. Political and Legislation Developments in political and legal field greatly affect the marketing decisions. sound marketing decision cannot be taken without taking into account, the government agencies, political party in power and in opposition their ideologies, pressuregroups, and laws of the land. These variables create tremendous pressures on marketing management. Laws affect production capacity, capability, product design, pricing and promotion. Government in almost all the country intervenes in marketing process irrespective of their political ideologies. The political environment consists of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups with the power to influence or limit the behavior of individuals and organizations in a given society. Changes within the political and legal arena can affect business. Therefore, it is important for marketers to understand public policy and legislation, and the implications presented for business and marketing. Legislation can encourage or discourage competition, and it can ensure (or not) fair markets for goods and services. Political corruption can influence marketing success or failure. Over the years, legislation affecting business around the world has increased steadily. Companies must be aware of changes in the political and legal environment so that decision-making can respond to the current political climate, and so that the firm can make any needed adjustments in corporate marketing policy. In addition to legislation, marketers must understand that many consumer groups are now watching the political and legal landscape as it relates to business, to ensure that business is government by social codes and rules of professional ethics. To demonstratetheirsocial responsibility and build more positive images, many companies are now linking themselves to worthwhile causes. Legislation from the government can affect markets through the organizations and consumers. Some marketers simply adjust to these political forces. Others try to influence political decisions by supporting politicians that can positively affect them . Industrial Relations laws affecting agreements between organizations and employees. Federal laws and regulation agencies affect marketing activities and decisions. Laws such as the Trade Practices Act and the Privacy Act set rules, which organizations must abide by or risk suffering penalties and / or punishment. These laws can be enforced by regulatory agencies who also assist in directing rules and regulations. 2.1.2. Economy The economic environment consists of macro-level factors related to means of production and distribution that have an impact on the business of an organization. Factors within the national and international economic environment can have a resounding effect on consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. Major U. S. economic trends include: Personal consumption and personal debt, both of which have risen Effects of credit trends and interest rates on buying Unemployment and recession forcing consumers to be more careful as shoppers Effects/expectations related to value marketing and value-conscious consumers Income distribution skewed positively toward the rich; prosperity not evenly distributed among classes An important factor affecting the short- and long-term economic outlook in the U.S. is prolonged periods of unemployment. Unemployment can exert marked and far-reaching effects on any economy. When millions of people are unemployed, there is less money for spending that can lift the economy. When spending is down, sales taxes will be down as well, further handicapping the economic outlook. Unemployed people, also, tend to cut out buying items they simply want while cutting down on things they need to survive. Consumers spending less money leads to businesses having to cut prices, which lessens revenue, leading to more unemploymentat best, and to merchants going out of businessat worst. In addition, the unemployed may have to use or even drain retirement savings. When income tax revenue is down, the government may have to borrow money, or cut back on spending on needed programs. At the same time, more is being spent to pay unemployment benefits, and to provide food and medicaid assistance. The social costs to individuals include erosion of work skills at the same time that society is being deprived of a lot of good talent. Uninsured individuals also face worsening physical health, leading to shortened life spans. 2.1.3. Socio-cultural This concept has crept into marketing literature as an alternative to the marketing concept. The social forces attempt to make the marketing socially responsible. It means that the business firms should take a lead in eliminating socially harmful products and produce only what is beneficial to the society. These are numbers of pressure groups in the society who impose restrictions on the marketing process. The socio-cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic values, attitudes, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. People grow up in a particular society that shapes their basic beliefs and values, helping to establish beliefs and expectations related to how people should behave. Marketers often segment consumer target audiences for products and services based on cultural values. The overriding beliefs and attitudes of a society can change over a period of time due to different environmental factors. Some of these factors might include such things as changing ethnic/racial mix of the population, more widespread acceptance and occurrence of single-parent families, and more consumers beginning to desire simpler, more meaningful lives. Businesses must be able to identify important trends that are driven by the macro environment. They must understand the need to embrace widespread environmental changes and learn how to use them to their advantage. At the same time, marketing management must know and understand macro-level environmental issues and concerns as well, to be able to use them to predict (with a great degree of accuracy) their possible immediate and long-term impact on consumers buyer behavior. 2.1.4. Technology The technological environment covers all stuff that used for producing goods and services.Technology shapes our destiny dramatically. It changes the communication way of consumers and marketers. New markets and chances are created by new technologies which also replace itself. Thus, it is true that many old industries are got rid of nowadays. Marketrs must pay special attentions on technologial trends to predict impacts/influences on consumers.. 2.2. Micro Environment 2.2.1. Customers Customers of an organization can be varied from one to various markets. Three first common type of market are consumer, business and reseller markets. The first one includes persons and households that consume goods and services personally. The second refers to those who buying good and services for further procession or for use in their production process. The last one is for the aim of profitable reselling. Besides, government market is the term used for illustrating the agencies the buy goods and services to produce public services or transfer those to needed others. Last but not least, those buyers who are consmers, producers, resellers, and governments in other contries also form an international market. 2.2.2. Suppliers Suppliers mean someone providing the needed resources to a firm to produce products or services. They plays a critically important role in lasting firm’s life. Without suppliers, no value is created and delivered to customers. Supply availability is the most noticable factor for marketing companies. Since the suppliers are partners in producing and transfering customer value, the firms have to put pricing trends under their consideration. Those can range from material suppliers to energy suppliers or even suppliers of labour and capital. That means they can vary its competitive position and marketing capabilities. The association between suppliers and the firm may be a perfect example of a strong equation that depends on the industry condition and the the extent to their each other dependence. There are some cases in which the bargaining strength of the suppliers may increase critically. For instance, when the seller company is unique or it supplies important inputs , the choices of buyer company are restricted. Consequently, the seller business strength reachs maximum level. 2.2.3. Financial Institutions The aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis witnessed a surge on the discussion of  financial stability issues. In some countries the focus of the debate is on the role of the  shadow financial system, its relationship with banks, and the regulatory and  supervisory failure to address the problem of regulatory arbitrage. In Europe, the main  concerns lies on the lack of a European safety net, mainly due to the absence of a  European lender of last resort. In emerging countries, however, the discussion is  centered around the impact of the crisis on the volatility of capital flows and the  architecture of the international financial system. Though some of the phenomena  underlying the origins and depth of the financial crisis were either new or located in  new instruments and markets, most of the issues that were raised during this episode  can be traced back to the first financial crisis of the world. In the following lines, we  develop the argument that e ven though financial stability concerns are as old as  financial systems, and despite some of the main lessons of the recent crisis look pretty  much alike the lessons of several financial episodes of the past (to which many  jurisdictions have already reacted), there are good reasons to highten our concern with  financial stability. 2.2.4. Government Agencies Government agencies’ demands often exceed the needs of a firm’s customer. The government can play numerous roles as stakeholder such as receiving taxation revenue from commercial institutes, getting them to be responsible from the public sector, and achieving many economic and social goals. 2.2.5. Competitors Market combines a veriety of competitors. Most companies have to be run sucessfully to take a strategic advantage. Marketing planners are forced to decide the best way to powerfully site the firm’s products and services againts that of competitors. To do that the marketers need put the company’s size and standing into their consideration. What’s more, making differences and keeping them up is a core of any problems so the firm should analyze and check for its competitor carefully. Those are never enough for success. Besides, according to Philip Kotler, the company must create customer value and satisfaction greater than that of its competitors. Hence, markets’ role is more complicated instead of adapting the customers’ needs. The companies must make up their offerings to be greater in customers’ minds than its competiors can do. In the end, competition game never end. In fact, business organizations always compete in both direct and indirect ways. 3. Conclusion In this assignment I have tried to figure out what marketing environment is and does marketing environment really affect the company strategy. Basically Marketing environment is divided into Micro-environment and Macro-environment. Micro-environment influences may demand urgent attention, but Macro-environment influences can have a more profound long-term effect on an organization’s marketing. Marketing environment gives us lot of opportunities as well as we have got lots of threat. It’s true that marketing has got both option but I think that every organization has got a lot to do with marketing environment because every giant and vital companies knows the vital importance of their marketing research and intelligence to watch and adopt the changing marketing environment. The question is what happens to those companies who don’t realize the importance of marketing environment? It’s so simple you can see IBM and General Motors they ignored the environmental changes and now they are in crises. Actually marketing environment takes place with a board system of economic, social and technology relationships. In marketing environment a firm creates its value through interaction with other individuals and organization to make up marketing environment. You can’t divide marketing environment into distinct areas .A good firms seeks to understand the complex linkage between different parts of marketing environment. Marketing environment is acting as a pillar for the organization and if somebody neglect the importance of marketing environment it quite hard for that organization to sustain in market. So in my assignment I have tried to analyze that on what ground marketing environment is based and what effect it has got on an organization .

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bul

The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia During the past few decades, Western culture has witnessed an enormous explosion in the number of eating disorders reported among young women. One such type of eating disorder is Butimia Nervosa. According to the DSM-IV criteria it is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in which the person experiences a feeling of "loss of control",and recurrent compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. Both of these behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Finally, there are two subcategories of bulimia. There is the purging type in which the person regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of diuretics or laxatives. The other type is the nonpurging group in which the person engages in other inappropriate compensatory behaviors rather than self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) Several studies have focused on stress as one important variable in the onset or occurrence of eating disorders such as bulimia. In addition, they explore the different situations or events which bulin-fics consider to be stressful and the various ways in which bulimics cope with these stressors. In this paper I plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the following related studies and attempt to answer the question, What is the role of stress in the development of DuUnfia? Do Bulimics Appraise Stress Differently? It is possible that bulimics may appraise potential stressors differently from other individuals. For example, in comparison to nonbulimics, people with bulimia may appraise the situation as being more s... ...ic Disorder with Agoraphobia on Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Case Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18,195-198. Compas, B.A., Rosen, J.C., & Tacy, B. (1993). The Relation Among Stress, Psychological Symptoms, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14,153-162. Cooper, P. J. & Steere, J. (I 993). The Effects of Eating of Dietary Restraint, Anxiety, and Hunger. Intemational Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 211-219. Lopez-lbor, A. J. (1991). The nosological entity buhmia nervosa. Actas Luso-Espanolas de Neurologia, 19, 304-325. Killen, J.D., Maron, D.J., Robinson, T.N., Saylor, K.E., Taylor, C.B., & Telch, M.J. (1987). Evidence for an Alcohol-Stress Link among- Normal Weight Adolescent's Reporting Purging Behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 349-3 56. The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bul The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia During the past few decades, Western culture has witnessed an enormous explosion in the number of eating disorders reported among young women. One such type of eating disorder is Butimia Nervosa. According to the DSM-IV criteria it is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in which the person experiences a feeling of "loss of control",and recurrent compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. Both of these behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Finally, there are two subcategories of bulimia. There is the purging type in which the person regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of diuretics or laxatives. The other type is the nonpurging group in which the person engages in other inappropriate compensatory behaviors rather than self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) Several studies have focused on stress as one important variable in the onset or occurrence of eating disorders such as bulimia. In addition, they explore the different situations or events which bulin-fics consider to be stressful and the various ways in which bulimics cope with these stressors. In this paper I plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the following related studies and attempt to answer the question, What is the role of stress in the development of DuUnfia? Do Bulimics Appraise Stress Differently? It is possible that bulimics may appraise potential stressors differently from other individuals. For example, in comparison to nonbulimics, people with bulimia may appraise the situation as being more s... ...ic Disorder with Agoraphobia on Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Case Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18,195-198. Compas, B.A., Rosen, J.C., & Tacy, B. (1993). The Relation Among Stress, Psychological Symptoms, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14,153-162. Cooper, P. J. & Steere, J. (I 993). The Effects of Eating of Dietary Restraint, Anxiety, and Hunger. Intemational Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 211-219. Lopez-lbor, A. J. (1991). The nosological entity buhmia nervosa. Actas Luso-Espanolas de Neurologia, 19, 304-325. Killen, J.D., Maron, D.J., Robinson, T.N., Saylor, K.E., Taylor, C.B., & Telch, M.J. (1987). Evidence for an Alcohol-Stress Link among- Normal Weight Adolescent's Reporting Purging Behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 349-3 56.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Culture Influence proposal Essay

Saudi Arabia has a well developed healthcare system incorporating private and private facilities. Largely, there are healthcare centers that offer universal healthcare services incorporating emergency, preventive as well as basic services to the culturally rich Saudi Arabian population (Marshall, 1999). Largely, the government is quite instrumental in the provision of healthcare to its citizens. The government has put in place a referral system that has over three hundred hospitals offering both general and specialized facilities. Thus, vetting and placement of the staff is undertaken by the government. The cultural influences are quite significant as they determine specific roles accorded to men and women medical professionals and practitioners (Mansour & Al-Osaimi, 2003). This document presents an in depth study and research of the way the rich Saudi Arabian culture influences the human resource management as well as quality of service delivery of the healthcare facilities. Introduction to the problem The Saudi Arabian culture is based on the Islamic law and religious teachings, thus there is a disparity in the manner in which men and women are treated. Largely, women are discriminated against in regard to the employment opportunities a well as management of healthcare facilities. Saudi Arabia’s law is based upon such Islamic Shariah premises of equality, justice and consultation (Baldo, 1995). Nonetheless, women are not accorded similar equality as their male counterparts. Although, the cultural stipulations play a significant role in setting the gender roles and expectations, sometimes women prefer to work in segregated areas willingly. Through close guidance of the highlighted research questions, this study will explore the cultural influences that impact management styles and staff selection in the healthcare sector. Purpose of the study In any society, cultural practices are critical in determining and influencing personal thoughts, behaviors as well as emotions. More often than not, culture shapes the perceptions and socialization of individuals as both the sub cultural and socioeconomic differences determine the levels of interaction and the manner in which activities are carried out. Data and information obtained from this research will be used to explore the impact that culture has on the way human resources management as well as service delivery in the healthcare sector is undertaken. Literature review The Saudi Arabian Ministry of health is tasked with provision of comprehensive as well as integrative healthcare to its citizens which complies with the stipulated Islamic principles (Long, 2007). Largely, the government ensures that the health care sector is upgraded through provision of qualified employees who not only ensure health care awareness is achieved but also provide the best services to its citizens. The government boasts a wide range of healthcare facilities. According to Long, (2007) in such healthcare sectors as maternal healthcare and immunization, significant improvement in the quality and service delivery has been recorded. The government ensures that employees have appropriate training and good remuneration that ensures they are well motivated thereby able to undertake the specified tasks. Cultural and social complexities are quite prevalent in Saudi Arabia with extensive gender segregation being exhibited in the country. Women are expected to be fully veiled while in the presence of male counterparts and avoid any from of contact from unrelated males. According to Ali & Mahmoud (2003), a complete veil popularly known as niqab and abaya is meant to ensure that women maintain moral behavior as well the honor of their family is upheld. Ambika, (1998) asserts that for convenience purposes it is common to have women working in separate offices so as to unveil their faces and hair without being subjected to any form of harassment. Women are not allowed to undertake outside assignment except while in the company of their male relatives popularly referred to as Maram (Littlewood &Yousuf, 2001). Largely, women are employed in sectors where they will offer medical help to women clientele while male practitioners are restricted in areas where they will serve male clients. Nonetheless, in the even that a female patient requires specialized treatment which can only be effected by a male doctor, then the male doctor is allowed to offer the services under close watch of a female nurse. Research questions This research is intended to establish the correlation between cultural influences in Saudi Arabia and the management practices that are in existence. Primarily, the research question that this research will be pegged upon therefore is: †¢ Does Culture influence the gender roles and management practices of the Saudi Arabian health care system? In order to further widen the scope of this primary research question, other specific questions will also be incorporated. These specific questions are outlined below; †¢ What is the prevalence of male and female managers in public and private sector hospitals? †¢ Does culture have any influence on management roles of public hospitals in Saudi Arabia? †¢ Do religious beliefs have any impact on gender roles? †¢ Does personal behavior and legal procedures influence selection and placement of staff to manage of healthcare facilities? †¢ Has modernity had any influence on the management of healthcare facilities? Scope of the study This research will focus primarily on the public healthcare sector. The main reason why the study will be concentrated in the public sector is because in Saudi Arabia, most of the population relies on the public hospitals for provision of healthcare services. Largely treatment is provided free of charge in the public hospitals although patients maybe required to purchase prescribed drugs (Khoja & Kabbash, 2007). In public healthcare facilities, Islamic rules and culture influences are adhered to strictly during staff placement process and are also the guiding principles in the daily running of the facilities (Khoja & Kabbash, 2007). The public sector will essentially present an ideal backdrop upon which the research will be based. Research methodology This segment details the data collection modalities that will be used to analyze highlighted research questions. Largely, the research will incorporate live interviews and questionnaires to collect data which is not only reliable but also valid. Interviews are reliable as the interviewed medical professionals will provide original data obtained from their specific work stations. It will also put the researcher at a advantageous position as the researcher will not only collect the data but will also observe the respondents. Additionally, the questionnaire will be structured in such a way that the research questions will be met and will therefore make data interpretation process easy. Through the use of questionnaires, the researcher is assured of obtaining detailed data that is essentially useful in the analysis of the research questions. Interviews will essentially provide up to date data as the interviewed respondents are those currently operating in the public healthcare facilities. Additionally, interviews essentially enrich the data interpretation process especially because some respondents are likely to share in depth insights regarding the management of the healthcare facilities. Interviews will also work to collect conclusive data especially because questions that may be misinterpreted in the questionnaires can be easily addressed. Interview Schedule In order to have valid data collected on the research questions, it is essential that only reliable respondents are interviewed. Largely, the bulk of respondents will be the former and current public health care management officers as they are aware of the modalities that are put in place to ensure efficient management of the facilities (Marshall, 1999). In this regard, the interviewer has approached over twelve respondents namely; †¢ Two Saudi Arabia Ministry of health Human resources officers †¢ Two public hospitals Chief Executive officers. †¢ Four male Public health doctors †¢ Four female public health doctors Additionally, the researcher has developed a questionnaire with the specific research questions that the respondents will be expected to respond to. The targeted respondents have expressed outmost willingness to provide required data. Reflection on limitations The researcher is well aware of the limitations associated with collection of the required data. For instance, getting respondents who are willing to offer required information in the projected time span is a challenge. The targeted respondents are medical professionals who have tight and busy schedules and it’s possible that they will be handling patients. Nonetheless, in order to counter this setback, the researcher will incorporate technological advancements such as web teleconferencing thereby be able to undertake online interviews. Another challenge that maybe exhibited through the use of questionnaires is the misinterpretation of research questions. In this regard, the researcher will ensure that the research questions are terse and straightforward in order to avoid any irrelevant responses. Ethical concerns Any credible research must adhere to strict ethical standards. Thus, the researcher has put in place principles to ensure contemporary ethical standards are adhered to. Firstly, the researcher will ensure anonymity of all respondents through concealing all identities. Secondly, respondents will not be coerced to provide required data; rather they will provide all information willingly. Thirdly, respondents will be informed beforehand the data collection procedure as well as the risks associated with the research process. Lastly, respondents will have an opportunity to validate data collected as the researcher will avail copies of the research to the respondents. Conclusion This research will rely on primary data collection procedures namely interviews and questionnaires to collect valid data essential in making inferences regarding cultural influences in the management of healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. All the targeted respondents are involved in the management of the healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia; hence there is no doubt that collected data and research analysis will be valid. Upon receipt of feedback on this proposal, the researcher will formulate interview schedules that will help investigate the culture impact on human resource management as well as quality of service delivery in Saudi Arabia healthcare facilities. Time schedule This Grant schedule will guide the time durations essential for accomplishment of the total research.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on A “Great Speech“ On Winston Churchills Iron Curtain Speech

Great Speech: Winston Churchil â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† (the â€Å"Iron Curtain† speech.) â€Å"An iron curtain has descended across Europe, all of her famous cities and populations around the line in what I might call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.† When Winston Churchil delivered a speech to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5th, 1946, he was not thinking about destroying the Soviets, or trying to threaten them. Churchil named this speech â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† in order to call for peace. He spoke to contain communism, and to form a strong union between American and Great Britain, that would last for â€Å"centuries to come.† â€Å"The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. With the power of democracy, comes responsibility for the future. It is important that we inscribe nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands. To give security to these homes, they must be shielded from the two gaunt marauderswar and tyranny. Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. We are all agreed on that. We must be certain that our temple of peace is built not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon the rock. Anyone can see, with his eyes open, that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.† In this last excerpt, Churchil puts responsibility on the shoulders of America and the allied forces. He establishes characteristics of peace: safety, welfare, freedom, and progress, as the necessities to achieve, and maintain peace. This foundation alludes to a later portion of the speech, when Chu... Free Essays on A â€Å"Great Speechâ€Å" On Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Free Essays on A â€Å"Great Speechâ€Å" On Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Great Speech: Winston Churchil â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† (the â€Å"Iron Curtain† speech.) â€Å"An iron curtain has descended across Europe, all of her famous cities and populations around the line in what I might call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.† When Winston Churchil delivered a speech to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on March 5th, 1946, he was not thinking about destroying the Soviets, or trying to threaten them. Churchil named this speech â€Å"The Sinews of Peace† in order to call for peace. He spoke to contain communism, and to form a strong union between American and Great Britain, that would last for â€Å"centuries to come.† â€Å"The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. With the power of democracy, comes responsibility for the future. It is important that we inscribe nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands. To give security to these homes, they must be shielded from the two gaunt marauderswar and tyranny. Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. We are all agreed on that. We must be certain that our temple of peace is built not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon the rock. Anyone can see, with his eyes open, that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.† In this last excerpt, Churchil puts responsibility on the shoulders of America and the allied forces. He establishes characteristics of peace: safety, welfare, freedom, and progress, as the necessities to achieve, and maintain peace. This foundation alludes to a later portion of the speech, when Chu...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

magic Essays

The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essays The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Twelve Years a Slave Shakespeares, The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic. It is widely thought the main character (Prospero) is a transformation of the famous writer himself, William Shakespeare, as Prospero pursues his studies over his people and also is very fond of his daughter. We are first introduced to Prospero in Act I Scene II where we see his daughter Miranda questioning him about the shipwreck, here Shakespeare uses conversation as a tool to build up our first impressions of Prospero and to explain his past. My first impression is that he is quite self-centred as he tries to portray himself as a great character and role model to Miranda as is all his actions are for her benefit, No harm. I have done nothing but in care of thee, This could also be interpreted as the role of a loving father but then Prospero goes on to tell her about her past which he has kept from her for twelve years, is this so loving? Prospero may well have been attempting to protect his daughter, or it may appear to the audience that he was purposely withholding information from her just to ensure that his plan went ahead accordingly. He also talks of how he was unfairly overthrown from his prestigious position as Duke of Milan, but yet Antonio is not here to defend himself so as an audience we may stop to question whether this view is entirely true as he tries to dismiss the fact that he was more concerned with his studies. He desperately tries to maintain a high level of respect from Miranda, Thou attendst not? O, good sir, I do. This gives me the impression that he is esteemed by power, thrilled by the fact that he has such authority, unintentionally portraying himself as domineering. Throughout the play we are able to see the duality in Prosperos character. Shakespeare shows us two distinct sides to Prospero, one being the tyrant and the other being the protector. If we look at him as the tyrant we can firstly look at the main reason of the play; the shipwreck. Even though Prospero didnt harm anyone onboard the ship, he still caused the shipwreck, at first it appears that this is an abuse of his power, but the thing that strikes me most is that it was actually Ariel who caused the storm but Prospero doesnt reveal this to Miranda and even puts her to sleep before summoning Ariel. (This again could be seen as the role of a protecting father.) A key implement in Prosperos strive for power is his cloak, when wearing it he is in complete control and then once removed he returns to being the loving father. Shakespeare takes care to ensure that the elements of his loving father side are still apparent, e.g. when he tells Miranda of how her smile helped to sustain him th rough the journey from Milan to the island, Thou wast that did preserve me. Thou didst smile, Infused with a fortitude from heaven, The biggest debate, in my opinion, is whether Prospero caused Miranda and Ferdinand to fall in love or whether it was natural. We can look at it from both the tyrant and the protector side. It appears that Prospero has set everything up down to the very last detail to guarantee that his plan will work and hence Miranda and Ferdinand will marrybut does that mean that he made them fall in love? Yes and no, you could argue yes because if it werent for his plotting they would never have met in the first place, but no in the sense that he pretended to be against the idea so as to test that Ferdinands love was real. Throughout the play there is a continuing sense that Prospero is like a god. He is in control of his domain, has caused everything that has happened to take place, and has power over every situation. He is omnipresent in the sense that he sends Ariel to keep watch over everything thats going on and to goad and generally cause havoc, Ariel then reports back to Prospero so that he is kept up to date and can begin to plot his next plan of action. Again, here Shakespeare seems to provoke a domineering image of Prospero and this also highlights his treatment of Ariel. Any time Ariel asks Prospero about when he will finally be released, Prospero reminds him of the treacherous life he rescued him from. As readers we can see that this is quite hypocritical as Prospero rescued Ariel from one life of slavery and plunged him straight into another, Dost thou forget From what torment I did free thee? Prosperos treatment of Ariel varies as one minute hes referring to him as malignant thing and then the next, My quaint Ariel, so again Prospero could be perceived as being contradictory. In Act II Scene I the idea of Prospero as a god is further progressed, when he tests Sebastian and Antonio through Ariel by providing them with the chance to kill Alonso and Gonzalo, here we see Shakespeare using similar temptation as in Macbeth. When Prospero commands Ariel to awaken the victims Shakespeare lightens the mood by putting in a witty song, written in rhyme. Although it may appear that Sebastian and Antonio are in control, we as the audience know that Prospero is the real force behind it all, testing them to a certain extent and then stopping. If we look now to Prosperos treatment of Caliban, we see that even though he is in the same position as Ariel, Caliban reacts very differently to his situation. Caliban believes that every bad thing that happens to him is down to Prospero. As an audience we can justify that Prospero is in fact innocent with regards to the pinching, scaring, annoying, misleading, chattering, biting and hissing, and we may begin to see how Shakespeare uses Caliban to show us that Prospero isnt to blame all the time. We also begin to understand why Prospero refers to him in such a rude manner, e.g. freckled whelp, lying slave, and filth. In Act III Scene II we are again shown how differently the two creatures react to their treatment when Caliban tells Trinculo and Stephano that Prospero stole the island from his possession, As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island. Ariel, although again invisible, responds in opposition with Thou liest. This, from the view of the audience, again reinforces our perception that Prospero may be loving after all as Ariel has a tendency to exaggerate as well as Caliban but yet he supports Prospero on this account. Another godlike trait of Prospero is his tendency to test people, we continually see him do this throughout the play and one of the most important times we see this, when Shakespeare has him positioned above the scene in full view of the audience is in Act III Scene III when he commands the spirits to enter with a banquet and then when they approach to feast Ariel stops them with a speech, rather like a sermon, educating rather than punishing, summing up the play with, You fools! I and my fellows Are ministers of Fate Here Shakespeare imposes the idea of heaven and hell by having Ariel dressed as a Harpy (creature of hell) and the good and bad divide with the god watching over. But in some cases it may be perceived that Prospero is actually and evil god as he is teasing them with food. Even though Alonso thinks he has been punished for abandoning Prospero in his hour of need, we as the audience know that he hasnt truly been punished but in fact that his son is alive and so here we may realise that Prospero isnt really out for revenge. This scene shows us Prospero in control, as a magician, and also as a godlike figure. The language Shakespeare chooses to use in Ariels speech is very strong, the use of you may even make members of the audience feel as though he is talking to them. This play has a continuing theme of denouement, i.e. the untying of knots, and this is the structure of all of Shakespeares plays. In Act IV Scene I we see both the tyrant and the loving father side as Prospero addresses Ferdinand on the matter of sex before marriage, even though he is still being very formal and in some ways quite aggressive it is due to his love for Miranda, by handing her over to marriage with Ferdinand Prospero describes the process as giving away, A third of mine own life And therefore Shakespeare encourages members of the audience to empathise with Prospero. At the same time people may see this as his possessive nature, treating Miranda like his property, and quite chauvinistic but we must remember that this is what fathers did in that period. Throughout Act IV the image of Prospero as a playwright/director is built up increasingly, he makes it clear that the fun and games are over now, it was just like a game of chess to him with the King being cornered. In line 184, Prospero again is quite contradictory when he calls Ariel, my bird as the my could either be taken as possessive again or affectionate but then birds are closely associated with freedom but also captivity. When Prospero enters in magic robes in Act V Scene I, he is carrying a staff which of course is commonly used in the bible, both to symbolise power but also to smite things. In line 52 he requests heavenly music, Gonzalo is also described as religious similar to Banquo and King Duncan, i.e. Shakespeares good characters are all religious. At the end when we see Prospero set Ariel free, we see Prospero being presented as loving again, as he kept his promise and we can see that he was being truthful all along about trying to resolve everything. The common theme of Prospero as a god is more definite as he decides what is to be done and has the final words as they leave his domain, his epilogue is quite powerful in the sense that he has had victory over the situation, everything is as he had planned and now he can resume normal life. How does Shakespeare present Prospero in The Tempest?

Monday, November 4, 2019

Market Research Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Research Master - Essay Example There is a growing consensus among management professionals on the role and significance of research in marketing decision-making. While there is a popular belief that more money spent on marketing research may reduce the chance of a bad decision, business owners and marketers are often esoteric, [Chiba, 2005] and even critical of marketing research, considered costly in terms of money and time and lacking accountability and precision, being only a recommended action. [Chee and Harris, 1998; p. 193] The paper attempts to understand and establish the significance of marketing research in decision-making and for business success. As a prelude to the topic, it may be imperative to define and understand the scope of marketing research. "the systematic collection and objective recording, classification, analysis and presentation of data concerning the behaviour, needs, attitudes, opinions, motivations etc., of individuals and organizations (commercial enterprises, public bodies etc.) within the context of their economic, social, political and everyday activities" [Cited Cannon, 1996; p.100] According to Bennett's Dictionary of Marketing Terms, marketing research provides information for identifying and defining marketing opportunities and problems; generating, refining and evaluating marketing actions, monitor marketing performance and improve understanding of marketing as a process. It also designs the method for collecting information; manages and implements the data collection process, analyses the results; and communicates the findings and their implications. [Bennett, 1998; p. 117-18] It is significant to note that the definitions, while placing an emphasis on the measurement and analysis of markets, goes beyond the confines of market research to solve a particular company's marketing problem, encompassing the broad field of marketing. [Cannon, 1996; p.100] Accordingly marketing research essentially encompasses the '4 Ps' of marketing; Lancaster and Massingham present the major types of research, as including: 1. Marketing and sales research, which encompasses Determination of market size of both developed and new markets Identification of market characteristics and segments Identification of market trends Sales forecasting Obtaining information on customers and potential customers Obtaining information on competitors 2. Product research, which covers Generation of new product ideas Product concept testing Product testing Test marketing of products Packaging research focusing on different types of packaging 3. Pricing research focusing on Identifying the relationship between a product or service's price and demand 4. Marketing Communications research covering Effectiveness of advertisement campaigns and marketing communications Media selection research Copy testing Sales territory planning 5.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Proceedings on the Impeachment of Richard Nixon Essay

Proceedings on the Impeachment of Richard Nixon - Essay Example tions to be considered in this study would be, Can the situation presented in the opening statement be considered as rhetoric with reference to the concept presented by Bitzer in his theory of rhetorical situation? Do the assumptions of the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism define the opening statement as rhetoric? On which grounds does it criticize the opening statement when illustrating it as a rhetoric situation? Thesis Statement The essay to the conducted henceforth intends to present a critical overview of a literature, i.e. the opening statement of Barbara Jordan presented to the House Judiciary committee in response to the impeachment related proceedings executed against the then President Mr. Richard Nixon. With this concern, the essay would attempt to utilize the assumptions presented by Bitzer in relation to the concept of rhetoric situation. Another theory that would be taken into account is the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism which shall assist in scientifically analyzing the opening statement. Justification of the Study Based on two of the most prominent theories, i.e. Bitzer’s rhetorical situation and the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism, the essay shall provide a comprehensive account of the literature selected as the opening statement of Barbara Jordan. With this concern, the study shall elaborate on the then political scenario with the intention to learn the background, influenced by which, the opening statement was framed. Preview of the Topic During the impeachment of Richard Nixon, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan gave an opening statement in the House of Judiciary Committee in order to criticize the proceedings taken by the ministry concerning the conspiracy related with the Watergate Scandal. Barbara Jordan, through her speech, intended to criticize the impeachment... The essay to the conducted henceforth intends to present a critical overview of a literature, i.e. the opening statement of Barbara Jordan presented to the House Judiciary committee in response to the impeachment related proceedings executed against the then President Mr. Richard Nixon. With this concern, the essay would attempt to utilize the assumptions presented by Bitzer in relation to the concept of rhetoric situation. Another theory that would be taken into account is the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism which shall assist in scientifically analyzing the opening statement. Based on two of the most prominent theories, i.e. Bitzer’s rhetorical situation and the Neo-Aristotelian Criticism, the essay shall provide a comprehensive account of the literature selected as the opening statement of Barbara Jordan. With this concern, the study shall elaborate on the then political scenario with the intention to learn the background, influenced by which, the opening statement was framed. D uring the impeachment of Richard Nixon, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan gave an opening statement in the House of Judiciary Committee in order to criticize the proceedings taken by the ministry concerning the conspiracy related with the Watergate Scandal. Barbara Jordan, through her speech, intended to criticize the impeachment articles put forward during the investigation of Watergate conspiracy which was further observed to be misinterpreted as a verbal (written) declaration agreeing with the president’s removal.